Goldenrod belongs to the genus Solidago and encompasses over 100 species native to North America. Goldenrods host 104 species of caterpillars and 42 pollen-specialist bee species. The caterpillars are also important protein sources for many birds, especially for their young. Goldenrod’s nectar-rich flowers are a favorite among pollinators, including bees, butterflies, wasps and other beneficial insects. These hardy perennials are renowned for their striking golden-yellow flowers that provide a late season burst of color to gardens and landscapes. While often blamed for hay fever symptoms, goldenrod’s heavy pollen is not typically wind-dispersed like ragweed’s, making it an unlikely culprit for allergies.
There’s a variety of goldenrod suited for any growing condition. To find the right plant for your garden see:
- Solidago of the Chicago Region, USA – a quick guide to local goldenrod species, sorted by flowerhead types
- Flora of Wisconsin – Solidago – native range maps and detailed information on all Wisconsin goldenrod species
There are two species to avoid, tall goldenrod (Solidago altissimum) and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis). They are very aggressive and will quickly take over prairie restorations and disturbed areas. Research has found that mowing and selective herbicide applications are the best control for these species. See: